Shipping markets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Shipping markets - Essay Example pparently, data indicates growing trade, which is indicative of increasing demand for all types of products in markets other than their places of production. Using regression analysis, I obtained the following output. From the results, time is a significant predictor of seaborne trade across the globe (ÃŽ ² = 152.75, p Crude oil is one of the major energy resources and a key raw material in numerous industrial sectors. In view of this, forces of demand have a great impact on the crude oil industry (Abouarghoub, Mariscal and Howells, 2012). Demand and supply of crude oil have in the past been characterized by low price elasticity which has impacted global price fluctuations. According to Alizadeh and Nomikos (2006), such fluctuations occur because the oil market is highly unpredictable and the fact that changes in demand and supply are not easily predictable despite such changes having a huge economic impact. The oil tanker shipping market has a perfect competitive structure characterized by a huge number of producers who compete to satisfy the huge global demand for internationally produced commodities (Fox, 1992). In such a case, neither the suppliers nor the buyers have the ability to set the prices, since prices of crude oil are determined at the world market. The economic implication of global oil market pricing patterns is that cost as a market determiner plays a major role in the establishment of sale prices (Austria, 2003; Sato, 2002).

Advocacy in Human Services Essay Example for Free

Advocacy in Human Services Essay Under the Rainbow Inc. began when a group of four socially conscious people discovered a dire need for quality, unbiased welfare support without prejudice or borders and became an incorporated association in February 2007. Since its inception, Under the Rainbow Inc. has been committed to excellence in the delivery of social welfare services based on their principles of charity, care and compassion. A range of services designed to promote independence and to enhance quality of life are provided by Under the Rainbow, all of which encompass care and support of local community members, in particular those who require relief from poverty and/or the dependents of any such persons. Advocacy is the primary role of case managers who volunteer at Under The Rainbow and in this human service setting and any other it is essential for services to be provided accurately. This essay will define advocacy in a human services context as well as discuss the type of advocacy that is beneficial to clients in this chosen human service setting. In conclusion, this essay will also describe issues that Under The Rainbow have encountered whilst implementing advocacy and change and the way the current political climate can effect their ability to engage in advocacy and deliver quality human services. Whilst the definition of advocacy in general is broad, in human service and social work practice advocacy is essentially the process of protecting human rights or to change discriminatory or abusive treatment to the vulnerable, whether working with an individual or a group (Corey, Corey Callanan, 1998). Human service workers all act as advocates in the course of their work (Sorensen and Black, 2001) and the Australian Association of Social Workers Code of Ethics (2002) supports this view citing, The social worker will advocate for changes in policy, service delivery and social conditions which enhance the opportunities for those most vulnerable in the community however Forbat and Atkinson (2005) argue that advocacy is not social work, but its principles and values resonate closely. Regardless of ones  definition, the key concept in the notion of any type of advocacy, is that it requires at least three parties: the client, the advocate and the other side (School of Health and Human Services, 2007). Literature suggests that the differing types of advocacy seem as broad as its definition and a number of different types of advocacy exist, however within Under the Rainbows human service framework they are predominately concerned with individual or case advocacy. According to Hepworth Larsen (1993), case advocacy is a way to obtain resources or services for clients that would not otherwise be provided and this theory underlies Under the Rainbows belief that to advocate for a client is to bring about some form of personal and/or social change (School of Health and Human Services, 2007). Under the Rainbow is a voluntary community based organisation which now boasts a membership of sixty-five individuals, many of whom work with clients as advocates for change. The goal for each volunteer who manages cases for Under the Rainbow is to promote fair, equal, and humane treatment through fundraising, charity provision (food and clothing), welfare work and social action against injustice for the disadvantaged. Under the Rainbows social work practice is mainly concerned with implementing changes in the local community to assist in poverty relief to predominately voluntary clients (Barker, 1991), though some are referred. While the majority of Under the Rainbows charity work is concerned with lending a hand materially and financially, they also work one-on-one with clients to determine why they needed a hand in the first place and therefore consider both aspects of their human service delivery forms of advocating. However there is some argument as to whether charity and advocating is in fact the same thing. The assertion by LHirondelle (2002) that charity work simply means offering one-on-one help without effort to give people the opportunity to participate in working with others to change their situation is challenged at Under the Rainbow who believe empowerment of a client is both valuable and essential. Individuals who seek help from Under the Rainbow often see themselves as powerless and unable to make changes in their lives and sadly, those who are discriminated against, are often the most vulnerable. Under the Rainbow clients can be distinguished by many inequalities involving social issues in areas such as power, authority, and wealth, working and living conditions, health, lifestyle, gender, education, religion, and culture. Because the nature of Under the Rainbow is predominately a charity, they realise some of the clients who ask for welfare assistance will not want to be involved in any further actions for changing their situation and staff may only be required to advocate once. However, they know from experience there are just as many of their clients who will want to get involved and connect with others in order to work together for social and personal empowerment. To clarify empowerment further, Shulman (2005) states that the empowerment process involves engaging the client, family, group, or community in developing strengths to personally and politically cope and a number of empowerment workshops and programmes covering issues such as budgeting, self-esteem and parenting are implemented at Under the Rainbow to facilitate this. Clients also often need help when dealing with other agencies and a Justice of the Peace service and help with letter writing, telephone and electronic correspondence is also offered. Often clients feel they have been treated unfairly by other advocacy and law agencys and challenging another organisations reasoning, on a clients behalf or as an individual can be referred to as persuasion advocacy (Reardon, 2001). Many times writing a letter or involving law enforcement agencies to negotiate a point has been successful for Under the Rainbow and their clients to further instil empowerment. Therefore, Under the Rainbow staff believe offering an individual help, whether through the distribution of groceries or an activity similar to the ones discussed above, is seen as empowerment for social change. Under the Rainbow advocate for and empower their clients, bringing people together where they are then able to take action to change their situation. Schneider   Lester (2001) include empowerment in their definition as part of the practice of advocacy and conclude that this value is based on the belief that individuals have strengths to acquire knowledge, become assertive, and develop skills, and through social work advocacy, these strengths can be set in motion. Vanessa, who has worked with Under the Rainbow for nine months states, when I interview clients, I encourage and pay attention to the capable person I see in front of me. My focus as an advocate is never on their previous history, as there is nothing I can do personally to change it. The importance for me is what the client wants from life and how it can be achieved (Pers comm. 2/4/08). Whilst working as an advocate Vanessa does not expect nor require a client to self-disclose, however they usually do, which Vanessa defines as a relationship based on trust and mutual respect. Respecting the privacy rights and confidentiality of Under the Rainbows clients is extremely important and they believe that excellent ethical conduct must be practiced in order to be a credible community advocate. Cultural, language, disability and other accommodations are also provided for. If personal conflicts of interest should occur the advocate will step aside and ask for help from another party. As Under the Rainbow is are self-regulating, ethical decision-making and the process of critical reflection, evaluation and judgment through which a practitioner resolves ethical issues, problems and dilemmas (Trevino, 1986) is extremely important in both a personal and professional context. As well as individual and personal advocating, dissolving barriers and building a sense of community on a local level, Under The Rainbow promote global consciousness and pride themselves on their broad worldview and high awareness of the inter-relatedness and sacredness of all living things. All Under the Rainbow Inc. members are active, both personally and professionally, in many social arenas confronting a broad range of social and political issues. Advocacy of this type, which refers to a connection with social movements, is known as activist or cause advocacy (Healy, 2000) and often involves active criticism of or engagement with government  policies and practices (School of Health and Human Services, 2007). Many members of Under the Rainbow have strong lobbying and media skills and some of their more prominent contributions and support include subscriptions and memberships to other advocacy groups and organisations such as New Internationalist Magazine, Bush Heritage Australia, Amnesty International and Greenpeace as well as Indigenous organisations, animal and environmental protection groups and interests in many other diverse global activist platforms. Under the Rainbow has also purchased and helped plant thousands of trees in South East Queensland through the Queensland Folk Federation at the Woodford Folk Festival site. Under the Rainbow is self-sufficient and as yet to receive any government funding. Relying on donations from its members and the general public to support their services is successful, but often unpredictable and can cause frustration when resources are limited. However, being an incorporated association means that Under the Rainbow is only accountable to themselves, their donors, members, clients and community. Not being affiliated with any government, church or social agency means they are not subject to any other types of accountability usually required under public auspice and this is preferable. Under the Rainbows projects, which are both broad and long-range, draw only on individual and group advocacy skills from its membership pool, preferring to remain exclusive and not out-source help from other agencies. In recent years, new set of ideas, such as advocacy, consumerism, empowerment, participation, and anti-discriminatory practices have all influenced social work practice and this has had an impact on social work values. This new set of ideas is referred to as radical values (Adams et al, 2002) and are concerned with challenging oppression and discrimination, it is within this value system that Under the Rainbow continues to operate. Advocacy is essentially the process of standing up for the rights of others who are being unfairly treated (Sorenson and Black, 2001) and has the potential to bring significant and sustainable change for the better. It can  empower individuals and communities and generate many resources whilst bringing diverse organisations together to work on common issues. Effective advocacy takes specific skills, commitment, effort, resources, perseverance, wisdom and collaboration all of which are faced by the Under the Rainbow volunteers on a daily basis. The case managers at Under the Rainbow realise they need to successfully master the skills needed to be an advocate, which takes time and experience. They are also aware that learning to be persuasive and using resources available to them will increase their level of competence and better assure a positive outcome for both themselves and their clients. I am proud to be a member of Under the Rainbow and my involvement in the challenging albeit very rewarding endeavours to facilitate advocacy for change in this small but powerful association. REFERENCE LIST Adams, R., Dominelli, L., Payne, M., (2002). Social Work, Themes, Issues and Critical Debates (2nd ed.), Palgrave, Basingstoke. Australian Association of Social Workers (2002), Code of Ethics, Retrieved April 2nd, 2008, AASW Website: http://www.aasw.asn.au/adobe/about/AASW_Code_of_EthicsCorey, G., Corey, M., Callanan, P., (1998). Issues and Ethics in the Helping Professions, Brooks/Cole, USA. Forbat, L., Atkinson, D., (2005). Advocacy in Practice: The Troubled Position of Advocates in Adult Services, British Journal of Social Work, 35:3, pp. 321-335Healy, K., (2000). Social Work Practices: Contemporary Perspectives on Change, Sage, London. Hepworth, D., Larsen, J., (1993). Direct Social Work Practice: Theory andSkills (4th ed.) The Dorsey Press, Homewood, Illinois. Trevino, L.K., (1986). Ethical Decision making in Organizations: A Person-Situation Interactionist Model, The Academy of Management Review, Vol. 11, No. 3, pp. 601-617. LHirondelle, C., (2002), Characteristics of Remedial Work vs. Social Change, Retrieved April 4th 2008, Victorian Status of Women (SWAG) Website: http://pacificcoast.net/~swag/index.htmlReardon, K.K., (1991), Persuasion in Practice, Sage Publications, Newbury Park, California. Schneider, R.L., Lester, L., (2001). Advocacy: A New Definition, Social Work Advocacy, Brooks/Cole Publishing, Pacific Grove: California. School of Health and Human Services, (2007). Study Guide: Advocacy and Change, Southern Cross University, Lismore. Shulman, L., (2005). Skills of Helping Individuals, Families, Groups and Communities, Wadsworth Publishing Company, USA. Sorenson, H., Black, L., (2001). Advocacy and Ageing, Australasian Journal on Aging, Vol. 20.3, Supplement 2, pp. 27-34.

Necrotizing Fasciitis (flesh eating bacteria) :: essays research papers

Necrotizing Fasciitis (flesh eating bacteria ) from an essay by Katrina Tram Duong, edited by S.N. Carson M.D. Necrotizing fasciitis, known commonly known as "flesh eating bacteria [infection]", occurs in a wide range of people 1. It occurs in the elderly, middle aged and younger patients. It occurs in athletes and debilitated individuals. It can occur in drug abusers with self inflicted wounds and healthy individuals with incidental injuries. It may occur in those with metabolic disorders such as diabetes and those with suppressed immune systems. It may occur in those with no underlying disorders and no known particular injury. It occurs under ordinary circumstances such as a seemingly harmless cut or scrape and in wounds resulting from major trauma such as an auto accident. There is no single way of contracting necrotizing fasciitis. One patient reported that he caught it while he was at the beach and may have scraped his skin. There are some cases that have been reported after bug or dog bites. We have also seen confirmed drug users who got the infection but declared they didn’t know how the bacteria could have entered their body. There have been numerous cases where injection of illicit drugs can produce infections that present with signs of a simple cutaneous abscess and yet unpredictably evolve into an extensive necrotizing soft tissue infection 1. Fig1. This is a picture of a leg with full blown necrotizing fasciitis, just prior to surgery. Note the discoloration. The skin feels crepitant and the area is extremely tender. A larger picture with detail is available by clicking this thumbnail print. Necrotizing fasciitis is a deep infection of the subcutaneous tissues that results in progressive destruction of fat and fascia. The progression is usually rapid and, as an example, this author has seen it spread throughout one leg in a little over one hour. Of course, this has an instant effect on the blood supply to these areas. Alternative names for necrotizing fasciitis are fasciitis-necrotizing; infection-necrotizing subcutaneous; subcutaneous infection-bacterial5. Untreated and unconstrained, it can destroy massive amounts of tissue and result in amputation and even death in a short period of time. Fig. 2. Another leg as above presurgical for necrotizing fasciitis. When first seen two hours prior, the discoloration was only present at the ankle. A larger picture with detail is available by clicking this thumbnail print. Necrotizing fasciitis is caused most commonly by Streptococcus pyogenes, group A streptococcus, which is the same bacteria that causes common strep throat 8.

Privacy And The Internet Essay -- Web Cyberspace Internet papers

Privacy and the Internet The natural progression of the Internet and emerging technologies is towards streamlining our lives both personally and professionally. Instantaneous communications and available on-line services continue to reduce the physical distance between individuals. Almost anything is now available in cyberspace from shopping, schooling and education, on-line trading, banking, to social and political on-line communities. On-line service providers are shifting from a product centric approach to a more personal and customized approach to marketing their products and services. The idea of one-to-one marketing is very powerful and has become an important tool for competing in the interactive age. One-to-one marketing takes a customer-orientated approach to selling; customers are treated as individuals with different interests and needs. We respond positively to individual attention; when we visit a web site we want to see products and services of interest to us not every available product. We do not want to waste our time. For many people, time is money and the convenience factor ways heavily on the decision to return to a web site. Are the benefits of electronic communication at the expense of our privacy? How does the Internet affect the availability and use of our personal information? The Internet brings another dimension to the issue of privacy. Whether you are voting on-line or buying a book from Amazon.com you must consider how much personal information has been collected about you, with or without your consent, and how it can be used. Policies governing privacy on the Internet are still not clearly defined and many on-line users do not understand how the information they provide will be used. How much... ...activity are all available at the press of a button. Soon we will have on-line refrigerators that can place grocery orders, washing machines that can access the Internet to determine the best wash cycle for a delicate fabric and Internet connectivity available from every room in the house. If we reap the benefits of communications technology, we must expect to pay the price with our privacy. Works Cited Bridis, Ted. Comcast Tracks Users Web Browsing. Los Angeles Times 12 Feb 2002. http:www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/politics/wire/sns-ap-internet-privacy/0212feb12.story (25 Feb 2002). Grossman, Lawrence K. The Shape of the Electronic Republic. Composing Cyberspace. Richard Holeton. United States: McGraw-Hill, 1998, 311-327. Birkets, Sven. Into the Electronic Millennium. Composing Cyberspace. Richard Holeton. United States: McGraw-Hill, 1998, 311-327. Privacy And The Internet Essay -- Web Cyberspace Internet papers Privacy and the Internet The natural progression of the Internet and emerging technologies is towards streamlining our lives both personally and professionally. Instantaneous communications and available on-line services continue to reduce the physical distance between individuals. Almost anything is now available in cyberspace from shopping, schooling and education, on-line trading, banking, to social and political on-line communities. On-line service providers are shifting from a product centric approach to a more personal and customized approach to marketing their products and services. The idea of one-to-one marketing is very powerful and has become an important tool for competing in the interactive age. One-to-one marketing takes a customer-orientated approach to selling; customers are treated as individuals with different interests and needs. We respond positively to individual attention; when we visit a web site we want to see products and services of interest to us not every available product. We do not want to waste our time. For many people, time is money and the convenience factor ways heavily on the decision to return to a web site. Are the benefits of electronic communication at the expense of our privacy? How does the Internet affect the availability and use of our personal information? The Internet brings another dimension to the issue of privacy. Whether you are voting on-line or buying a book from Amazon.com you must consider how much personal information has been collected about you, with or without your consent, and how it can be used. Policies governing privacy on the Internet are still not clearly defined and many on-line users do not understand how the information they provide will be used. How much... ...activity are all available at the press of a button. Soon we will have on-line refrigerators that can place grocery orders, washing machines that can access the Internet to determine the best wash cycle for a delicate fabric and Internet connectivity available from every room in the house. If we reap the benefits of communications technology, we must expect to pay the price with our privacy. Works Cited Bridis, Ted. Comcast Tracks Users Web Browsing. Los Angeles Times 12 Feb 2002. http:www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/politics/wire/sns-ap-internet-privacy/0212feb12.story (25 Feb 2002). Grossman, Lawrence K. The Shape of the Electronic Republic. Composing Cyberspace. Richard Holeton. United States: McGraw-Hill, 1998, 311-327. Birkets, Sven. Into the Electronic Millennium. Composing Cyberspace. Richard Holeton. United States: McGraw-Hill, 1998, 311-327.

Is Hard to Say Good Bye

Is Hard to say goodbye Death is probably the only thing in the world that is certain in life. As humans, we are born, we grow, we reproduce and lastly we die. It is the natural order and as natural as it may sound, human beings have different reactions to such an event. Throughout our lives, we influence or are influenced by people; these influences manifest themselves in the form of raising a child; being a teacher, babysitting etc. In all of these interactions, we create lasting relationships with those whom we come across when death happens to one of the involved parties; emptiness follows the surviving person.As a future nurse, and due to the nature of my occupation, I may be involved in a situation where I must deal with impending death. Emotions will begin to happen, on both ends. On my end I will be trying to help the patient, and the patient coming to terms with his or her destiny. In the following pages, I will discuss how my responses to the â€Å"Reflections on dying† may impact a therapeutic relationship with a mother of a three years old child who has six months to live. In such discussion, you will learn about my thoughts, feelings, beliefs, and values regarding to death and patient relationships.Thoughts; Usually when I first hear of a death My thoughts on death begin with sorrow for the loss of a person who is significant on someone’s live. After meeting a patient who is a mother, and realizing that she does not have much time I will be deeply saddened to what is going to happen to her. I may develop feelings for the child’s well being. My second thought would be that of empathy. As a nurse I must show empathy, compassion, and strength at the same time towards patients. Showing emotions would most likely worsen an already sad situation.This patient is a mother of a three years old child; she will not see her baby grow up. Therefore, I will have the utmost empathy. Also, I will show strength. This is necessary to persuade the patient to live fully the time she has left. If I am the person breaking the news to her, I will be frank and to the point without keeping any information from the patient; since I believe that sugar coating the fact will lead to mixed feelings on the patient. I will tell her to make every day, every hour, and every second count and to enjoy her child in order to leave a lasting legacy.Feelings; after a while, my initial reaction to death Therapeutic relations with terminally ill patients will also involve mixed feelings. There will be a war inside of me, my thoughts will tell me to be strong, but my feelings will want me to feel extremely sad, sorrowful, and incompetent for not being able to help the patient. These feelings will linger every attempt to interact with the patient. It is natural for me to feel sad at the future loss; even when I’ve only known the patient since she started getting treated; still all life is precious. She is meaningful to many people, specially her child.I will definitely feel impotent, which will lead to anger for knowing that there is nothing that I can do to make her feel better. At that point, I will rely on my professionalism to expose and help me act accordingly. The reason why my feelings are normally strong is because when I was twelve years old, my grandmother died; she practically raised me. I spent more time with my grandmother at that time, than I had spent with my mother. I was asleep when I was told that she had died, and feelings began to run rampant. The anger, and sadness were unbearable, and ever since that moment, I have been very sensitive when it comes to death.Beliefs; My predominant emotion to death I believe that all life is valuable; this belief will influence my feelings but not my therapeutic relationships with my patient. Regardless of what I may believe, I know that it is my duty to provide treatment the best possible service to the patient. Being supportive to the patient, and her family membe rs are my priority. If I was in the patient’s shoes, I would like the nurse to bring me up instead of bringing me down in a time of need. I would want the nurse to tell me my condition as is; that way, I can make the right decisions with my life.Also I would like to have everything clear when it comes to my child, and I would like to live my couple of months as happy as possible and pain free. Values; the way I may grieve Integrity is one of the main values I hold dear. A person’s word is their bond; without integrity, our words mean nothing. From integrity, respect and dignity follow on my list of values. My thoughts will influence ethical decisions when conducting therapeutic counseling. They will also reaffirm with my feelings to ensure I manage myself with strength. In addition, treating all with respect and dignity are a priority in my values list.Therefore, when dealing with a patient; everything else stops and I pay full attention to the patient’s needs. I will provide information and suggestions on ways to stay healthy and happy, even thought the patient won’t survive for long I feel that is best to keep the patient happy and comfortable. Conclusion In the last few pages, I’ve explained my thoughts on death. How my initial reactions to death would be and how my thoughts would influence me. Then, I explained how my feelings would manifest, and how they would play a part during routine interactions with the patient.I shared my beliefs and the connection between my beliefs, and thoughts when dealing with loss. Finally, I discussed my values as they relate to death. No matter which situation we find ourselves in; being the ones receiving bad news or giving the bad news; we will react differently to such an unexpected event. As long as we treat others with the respect and dignity they deserve, and we show the empathy we can make a difference on a patient’s remaining lifetime. It does take courage to show strength, a nd humility to show empathy, but the satisfaction to know that we have done the right thing would provide comfort to keep us going.

Essay on no idea

Essay on no idea Essay on no idea Abraham Lincoln Questions Who was he, what do we know about him as a key political figure in American politics?: Abraham Lincoln was a self-taught Illinois lawyer and legislator with a reputation as an eloquent opponent of slavery. During the Union on the brink of victory, Abraham Lincoln was shot and killed by the Confederate sympathizer John Wilkes Booth in April 1865,; his untimely death made him a martyr to the cause of liberty and Union. Over the years Lincoln's mythic stature has only grown, and he is widely regarded as one of the greatest presidents in the nation's history. What is the Gettysburg Address of 1863? When was it delivered by him (not just the year!!) and what issues did it address? His Emancipation Proclamation, issued in 1863, freed all slaves in the rebellious states and paved the way for slavery's eventual abolition. Gettysburg Address later that year stands as one of the most famous and influential pieces of oratory in American history. On the morning of November 19, Everett delivered his two-hour oration (from memory) on the Battle of Gettysburg and its significance, and the orchestra played a hymn composed for the occasion by B.B. French. Lincoln then rose to the podium and addressed the crowd. He spoke for less than two minutes, and the entire speech was only 272 words long. Beginning by invoking the image of the founding fathers and the new nation, Lincoln eloquently expressed his conviction that the Civil War was the ultimate test of whether the Union created in 1776 would survive, or whether it would "perish from the earth." The dead at Gettysburg had laid down their lives for this noble cause, he said, and it was up to the living

Investigation the Importance of Surface Area to Volume Ratio

Investigation the Importance of Surface Area to Volume Ratio BackgroundCells rely on the diffusion process to gain nutrients and to dispel waste. Because of this, the surface area to volume ratio of cells is very important. As a object becomes smaller, its surface area to volume ratio becomes greater allowing fast diffusion for cells. Though as a object becomes larger, it's surface area to volume ratio becomes smaller and diffusion would no longer be effective for cells as the process would take too long. This is why there is a limit to the size of cells.Research QuestionHow does the surface area to volume ratio effect the time it takes for a object to diffuse?HypothesisThe higher the surface area to volume ratio is, the faster the agar jelly will become clear.VariablesFor this experiment, the independent variable was the surface area to volume ratio of the cubes while the dependent variable was the time it took for the cube to become transparent.Image d'un dodà ©caà ¨dreThe controlled variables were the type and concentration of the acid, t he indicator (phenolphthalein), the process of how acid was added to the beaker, the use of the stopwatch as well as how much of the cubes were covered with acid.MaterialsAgar jelly containing:- 0.1 M NaOH- Phenolphthalein0.1 M H2SO4100 ml or 250 ml beakerCeramic tilePlastic spoonKnifeGloveStopwatchMethodOnce all materials were gathered, the glove was put on and a 2 cm x 2 cm x 2 cm, 1 cm x 1 cm x 1 cm or 0.5 cm x 0.5 cm x 0.5 cm cube was cut with the knife of the ceramic tile. After, the cube was transferred into the beaker using the spoon. The 0.1 M H2SO4 was then added to the beaker until it just covered the agar jelly (See Figure 1). The stopwatch was then started. The agar jelly was observed until it...

Plague Disease Myths

Plague Disease Myths Plague refers to a disease spread by fleas which are infected by their hosts, in most cases rats. The fleas used to change host especially after the death of the rat, and the next host they preferred may have been human being. During that process, they infected humans.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Plague Disease Myths specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Plague was first experienced in Europe in the mid of the fourteenth century when the first wave of the infection killed about twenty five million people. The infection continued spreading throughout Europe in the eighteenth century, and at that time the cause of the bacterial infection had not been ascertained yet. Upon infection, an individual experienced severe pain, and in a few days eighty percent of the infected people succumbed to death. In one school, the plague killed twenty boys almost simultaneously. This caused other students to stay away from sc hool as they opted not to attend it (Schoolmaster 1484). Considering the case in England, the plague was caused by filth in the streets and the sputum and dog’s urine which clogged the rushes on the floor of houses (Erasmus 1512). The rich in the society managed to flee from the country, and as a result, the poor were the ones who were left vulnerable to the disease. This also happened in Paris where only a few porters and wage earners who resided there were left (Versoris 1523). Johann Weyer wrote in his The Deceptions of Demons in 1583 that individuals also spread the deadly plague by smearing the gates to the city of Casale in Western Lombardy with a certain ointment that caused the disease. Thus, everyone who touched those gates was infected, and as a result died. Unfortunately, the heirs of the deceased are the ones who made payments for the gates to be smeared so that they would have obtained a quick inheritance. This was the case at Casale where it was reported that pe ople got infected by simply touching the gates (Weyer 1583). Each and every household which was affected by the pestilence was immediately quarantined, and in the event of that persons death in a specific place, the one had to be buried in that particular place. Furthermore, many people died because of hunger since the roads were under heavy guard to ensure that no infected individuals travelled from one place to another. (Staden 1571)Advertising Looking for critical writing on eastern europe? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Gold was used to meet the expense of pest houses so as to quarantine the infected while gallows were used to punish the violators of health regulations. In addition, the gallows were also used to frighten other people, and bonfires were used to eliminate the infected (Motto 1576). A particular woman whose husband had a fever was sure he would have died, but he was miraculously healed. He was fed by a piece of bread that had touched St. Domenica’s body. The bread was sent to him by Angelica. (Centennni 1624). An individual really thought a lot about what would have happened in the event their household would have been invaded by the plagues. It was a tough time as everyone wondered who they would lose first to the disease, the daughter first or the son. It also happened that after the son had died, the daughter followed, and eventually the individual died as well. Even in the season of severity, an individual would still have compassion and be charitable. Convalescents and servants of two pest houses were fed by a particular individual who also paid guards and gravediggers with alms sent to him/her by the lordships (Dragoni 1630). The infected patients hung toads on their neckline so that their venom would draw out the poison of the disease within a few days (Roachas 1647). In Barcelona, there was a high demand for nurses who although called to serve neglected the pat ients in many instances and made them die quickly so that they could collect the agreed fee (Parets 1651). News was received that in Rome Italy it was now violent. People opted to refrain but four individuals opted to believe in providence rather than not see a fine place (Reresby 1656). People feared to buy wigs with the assumption that the wings were obtained from the heads of people who died of the plague (Pepys 1665). The European nations including France, Holland, Spain and Italy prohibited ships from England. As a consequence, foreign trade and manufacture of goods declined causing a stoppage (Defoe 1665). The plague was believed to be a punishment from the gods due to the sins of the people and remedies were not considered to be available like in the case of ordinary maladies (Bertrand 1720). The events happened from the fifteenth to the eighteenth century affected the whole of Europe (Clark Rawcliffe 2013). Many people lost their lives as a result of being infected by the p lague, and in general the society became inhumane (Crawshaw 2012). People stopped caring for each other and valued money more than human life. This period was one of the darkest periods in European history, and also one of the events that later led to intensive research in medicine until a cure was discovered. Clark, Linda Carole Rawcliffe.  Society in an Age of Plague. , 2013. Print.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Plague Disease Myths specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Crawshaw, Jane.  Plague Hospitals: Public Health for the City in Early Modern Venice. London, UK: McGraw Hill, 2012. Print.

Student communication in online classes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Student communication in online classes - Essay Example The impact of students’ teamwork and mixing upon their propensity to thrive as well as the displeasure of habitual learners towards the missing students was also studied. Factors like reduced connectivity and costliness of the internet service were found to cause students to make optimum use of the online service which is not possible for the missing or irregular users to achieve. Faith among the donors results from the quality and not the number of their donations. Finally, the authors recommend ways to escape the read-only partaking. Usual communiquà © and online statuses, stress upon excellence, well-constructed statuses, deliberations about scores, advice, individual grading of group tasks, shifting of members among groups have been identified as the facts that promote online interaction. Just reading decreases an individual’s ability to gain knowledge and he/she can not play a role in the modification of the learners’ online

How important are creative thinking skills into Btech National Diploma Essay

How important are creative thinking skills into Btech National Diploma Art and design Level 1 at one FE college - Essay Example l education focuses on the skills of critical analysis, suggesting creating a logical argument, eliminating the incorrect paths and focusing on the correct one. However, there is another kind of thinking, one that focuses on exploring ideas, generating possibilities, looking for many right answers rather than just one. This kind of thinking takes us to a whole new plane of thoughts and resulting possibilities, which though might seem out of sync with times, might nevertheless be the beacons of light to solving the impending problems. Thus creative thinking has to be seen as a skill crucial to problem solving in any sphere of life. Creative thinking is a skill with what we are all born with but decreases as children are exposed to the environment around them. The social responsibility for bringing about the proper blending of creative thinking and critical thinking which nevertheless has its own merits lies on the shoulders of the education system. The study focuses on the need, importance, motivation, systematic efforts and the gaps therein towards development and application of creative thinking skills in FE colleges in general and the Art and design Diploma course in particular and how does training in Art and design affect creative thinking skills. While assessing the literature on the given topic - Creative thinking Skills, How important are they in BTECH LEVEL1 Diploma of Art and Design? , its important to evaluate what has been written both in terms of the Creative thinking skills as a subject as well as its importance in Further education in general and the Art and Design FE courses in particular. It is important to move from literature pertaining to and supporting ideas from a subjective point of view to the specific area of study. The current thinking and efforts on developing creative skills in FE has its basis in the policy papers and resultant initiatives started in the late nineties. The evolution in the thinking and the efforts as well continues

Strategy Required to Improve Project Management Outcomes - Approved Case Study

Strategy Required to Improve Project Management Outcomes - Approved projects align with corporate strategy - Case Study Example It is very clear from the internal memorandum sent by the chairman to the senior project manager wherein he has shared his concern over declining number of such projects delivered in right time and budget although the project managers are capable of technical knowhow and follow principles based management practices. Let’s hope that ideas offered by all of us on how to implement latest project management principles and processes to better manage time and cost factors could help the our organization. Our objective is to provide inputs on effectively managing new projects through our individual ideas on why project success rate is falling down while keeping the principles of project management in view. The past experience in project management has not been remarkable. That’s why opinions of the team members have been sought by the chairman. Actually, the company is lagging behind the goals earmarked. It was expected by the top management that with the given expertise and technical hold, we will enter the global market very soon but overseas projects taken so far have not helped us in capturing foreign market; the gap between the goals and outcomes is widening. Our aim is to rework on current management theory to see that approved projects align with our organization’s strategy. Accountability needs to be determined so that in case a project fails, responsibility is fixed. A number of factors determine the success of a project. Sometimes, it is seen that dedicated support for the project is not provided by the senior members of the board. Without overall and individual level support by top brass of the organization, project starts staggering. When the project reaches certain stage, another urgent project comes by for getting attention of the project team as it has to be completed before the ongoing project. The role of the senior management becomes very crucial in the organization

Starbucks's Corporate Ethics Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Starbucks's Corporate Ethics - Case Study Example Sources used include company's official website and two printed books on the subject on CSR. As they say charity begins at home, Starbucks starts its CSR policy with its employees. The firm believes that employees are partners and must be treated with due respect. The company says on its website that one of the key benefits of CSR for the firm has been in the retention of its partners. Howard Schultz, the owner of Starbucks Coffee Co understands the importance of its employees. Ronald Sims in his book, "Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility: Why Giants Fall" appreciates the ethical practices at Starbucks and writes: "Amazingly, Starbucks offers both full- and part-time employees equity in the form of annual stock options. In 1987, when the company was losing hundreds of thousands of dollars a year in its drive for expansion, he extended medical coverage for any "partner" working 20 hours or more. Paying 75 percent of the insurance premium costs Starbucks approximately $1,275 a year per worker, while hiring a new employee costs the company almost twice that amount." (p. 304) Apart from the employee relations, the firm has been integrating CSR into its operation. ... The company also undertook a research to find out how much greenhouse gas emissions could be attributed to its operations. It found that only 18 percent was due to operations and the rest was due to energy use at its locations. This research however did not include Starbucks' foreign locations. Another important area of CSR at Starbucks is sourcing methods. The firm has to procure coffee from suppliers from around the world. The company has been trying to practice ethical means of procurement by buying from suppliers who are on C.A.F.E list of approved coffee-growers. By 2007, 65 percent of its coffee was being purchased from C.A.F.E approved suppliers but the company aims to make it 80 percent by 2013. These are the suppliers who are following rigorous standards for sustainability throughout the supply chain. The firm has been trying to work in harmony with the governments of coffee producing nations. Starbucks feels "these relationships must be mutually beneficial. They must also be collaborative in nature in order to advance measures and practices that contribute to the sustainable production of high-quality coffee - and sustainable livelihoods for farmers and their families." But things have not always been smooth. Starbucks famously got into an argument with Ethiopian government over trademark issues. But over time, this rift was resolved and Starbucks now enjoys a warm relationship with Ethiopian farmers. Starbucks is also involved in community building ventures in supplier nations. For example it understands that a large number of Mayan people depend on coffee for livelihood. The company has been working on educational projects in this region. "For more than a

Taxonomy Comprehension and Application Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Taxonomy Comprehension and Application - Essay Example By examining each Character separately, and stating off with Philosopher Aristotle, he has been renowned for Philosophical Works - later to be regarded ad Scientific. He has been and is still remembered to have Initiated the Study of Living Organisms -including Himself. This is the area where his Work has been Most Admired. He made enough efforts to discover the Relationships among the Living Organisms. As a Behaviourist, he was keenly interested in knowing something about Which category behaves how. And, possibly, what influences it to do so. His Crown of 'Father of Science' - is Prime enough to illustrate his Research and Academic Weight in the World of Learning. So, Aristotle looks at the relationship of Living Organisms in their Quest for Livelihood. Aristotle is also interested in establishing Sense of Belonging, characteristic of any Creature. This he does by Classification of things - organisms in this sense. Not only does Aristotle stop there. He goes further to study Plants and illustrate their differences in Species. So his Kin Interest the Origination of Species has sparked off a lot of Ambition among both the Philosophers. And, actually, his innovations have led to complicating the Understanding of the Difference between Religion or Philosophy and Science. The Context of... The study of these two inter-related Philosophers -and Hence, Schools of thought, is paramount for purposes of Study (Research) and day-to-day reasoning inherent among the People on this Planet. As the Ideas that flowed from these Brains has been and lives to be remembered. By examining each Character separately, and stating off with Philosopher Aristotle, he has been renowned for Philosophical Works - later to be regarded ad Scientific. He has been and is still remembered to have Initiated the Study of Living Organisms -including Himself. This is the area where his Work has been Most Admired. So his Kin Interest the Origination of Species has sparked off a lot of Ambition among both the Philosophers. And, actually, his innovations have led to complicating the Understanding of the Difference between Religion or Philosophy and Science. By way of classical reasoning. It can be seen that Aristotle has a Scientific View of the Subject, Taxonomy - which is taken to mean 'Something that one wishes to convey especially by Language' - which he does by addressing himself to the Realities of Life via the Expression of Organic Life. For purposes of this Topic, however, we need to make another point or two about the way is Emotions and Feelings of Human and Nature afflict his Counter-part who seems to be slightly opposed to his way of viewing nature and what constitutes its components.     

Starbucks's Corporate Ethics Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Starbucks's Corporate Ethics - Case Study Example Sources used include company's official website and two printed books on the subject on CSR. As they say charity begins at home, Starbucks starts its CSR policy with its employees. The firm believes that employees are partners and must be treated with due respect. The company says on its website that one of the key benefits of CSR for the firm has been in the retention of its partners. Howard Schultz, the owner of Starbucks Coffee Co understands the importance of its employees. Ronald Sims in his book, "Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility: Why Giants Fall" appreciates the ethical practices at Starbucks and writes: "Amazingly, Starbucks offers both full- and part-time employees equity in the form of annual stock options. In 1987, when the company was losing hundreds of thousands of dollars a year in its drive for expansion, he extended medical coverage for any "partner" working 20 hours or more. Paying 75 percent of the insurance premium costs Starbucks approximately $1,275 a year per worker, while hiring a new employee costs the company almost twice that amount." (p. 304) Apart from the employee relations, the firm has been integrating CSR into its operation. ... The company also undertook a research to find out how much greenhouse gas emissions could be attributed to its operations. It found that only 18 percent was due to operations and the rest was due to energy use at its locations. This research however did not include Starbucks' foreign locations. Another important area of CSR at Starbucks is sourcing methods. The firm has to procure coffee from suppliers from around the world. The company has been trying to practice ethical means of procurement by buying from suppliers who are on C.A.F.E list of approved coffee-growers. By 2007, 65 percent of its coffee was being purchased from C.A.F.E approved suppliers but the company aims to make it 80 percent by 2013. These are the suppliers who are following rigorous standards for sustainability throughout the supply chain. The firm has been trying to work in harmony with the governments of coffee producing nations. Starbucks feels "these relationships must be mutually beneficial. They must also be collaborative in nature in order to advance measures and practices that contribute to the sustainable production of high-quality coffee - and sustainable livelihoods for farmers and their families." But things have not always been smooth. Starbucks famously got into an argument with Ethiopian government over trademark issues. But over time, this rift was resolved and Starbucks now enjoys a warm relationship with Ethiopian farmers. Starbucks is also involved in community building ventures in supplier nations. For example it understands that a large number of Mayan people depend on coffee for livelihood. The company has been working on educational projects in this region. "For more than a

Introduction to Psychology Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Introduction to Psychology - Research Paper Example It took off as a spark of fantasy, matured over time and suddenly turned to a reality of frustration and hate. Finally it became an obsession which demanded to be fulfilled. The killer found that photos and trophies that were substitute for the thrill of putting an end to life that electrified his very soul. He believed that he was smarter than the cops and could easily outwit them. The element of danger added to his perverted excitement. It was a chilly winter day on January 15th, 1974 the Charlie Otero came home from school only to find his parents and four siblings murdered in the most ghastly fashion. All the victims had their hands and feet bound together and were placed head down Except for his sister Josephine who was hung by her neck from a pipe and was only partially dressed with a sweatshirt and socks. Her little brother Joseph had three hoods placed on his head and was lying face down at the foot of the bed. The purse of Julie Otero was dumped and the father Joseph Otero Sr. missing watch there was no evidence of either a robbery, a struggle of forced entry. The search was on by the Wichita Police Department who investigated and found that the four murders took place between eight and nine in the morning. The conduct of the parents as well as the children was extremely good and invited no enmity which made the murders all the more shocking. Nine months after the murders of the Otero family, in October 1974, and anonymous call was received by the Wichita Eagle’s Don Granger and receive directions to go to the Wichita library and looking into a mechanical engineering text book. Action was taken and they found a letter detailing the murders of the Otero family and promising other victims in the future. He said he was guilty of the murders but can’t stop the monster in his head. His code words are – â€Å"Bind them, torture them, Kill them – BTK and warned that they will see it on the next victim. On April 4th, 1974, his next victim came

Social injustice Essay Example for Free

Social injustice Essay We’ve all applied to a job and didn’t get it. Did you ever think to yourself it was some type of discrimination? Social and racial discriminations happen all the time in the workplace. You may be turned down from a job because of your race, social status, or even your gender. Many times in the workplace people are deemed unfit for the position, but why? Why should it matter if you’re a female or male for certain jobs positions? Who says a male cant preform the job to potential as a female or visa versa? If you walk into a Claire’s, per say, it will be all women working there and I’m sure when males walk in they feel discriminated to ask for an application because all they see is females working in there; It’s a double standard contraception. However, it’s how society implies how or what kind of roles the male or female should contribute to the work environment. I for one have thought of applying for a certain job that society would not †expect† a young man to partake in, so sadly knowing I would have fulfilled the job exceptionally suitable did not take it because I cared about what other people thought of. Race is one of the biggest struggles for many perfectly applicable people who would fulfill the desired job they want to apply for. One of the most sensitive subjects that have been around for decades would be peoples race. I have two close friends, whom are extremely hard working, book smart, and have great social skills who applied for a high end job down south after college. They were turned down =, and for what? What color they were? This is one of the biggest disappointments our society still has to deal with to this day. Perfectly adequate young men or women could perform any job they believe and work hard for and they should NEVER be turned down for their race. Because who would know if that certain raced man or woman would have executed that job better than lets say the white raced man or woman? The way people look is another example of a high social injustice situation. The â€Å" benefit of the doubt† is the proper mindset of what every interviewer should have. Say a man comes into an interview with tattoos and wearing jeans and a dirty button up, yes, they look like they don’t care but that’s all they can afford to look like until they are hired and get a job. Vs. a man who comes in tight suit, brief case and put together. The man with the tattoos is a hard workingman and has all the exceptional social skills they need to fulfill the job, and the man in the suit is only book smart and has no patience to work with people. The interviewer picks the man with the suit because he looks more †suitable† for the job. That is not acceptable. The other man would no doubt work extremely hard to make sure he executed his job to the highest standards. But what our society and the work place wants is who will be the fresh face that is the face for the company. The â€Å"benefit of the doubt† is dying in these kinds of situations because our society these days expects a certain kind of person to be dealing with customers and when doing so, look a †certain† way. I’m sorry but our society these days, is just not right. And we all need to start giving the benefit of the doubt and know what the real â€Å"face of the company is†. All these examples of Social Injustice are what real people are living through/with every day of their lives and its man vs. society when they deal with these situations. It’s just not right that there are people out there who think its acceptable to turn down adequate males or females who could perform a job better than people they hire whom they think they can. And if there is a day that it happens to myself I will stick up for myself and prove that person wrong because all the people who have been turned down know what they are capable of and its not fair they don’t get the chance to show what they can do.

Pestel Analysis of the IKEA Corporation

Pestel Analysis of the IKEA Corporation In this research report Author have identify business strategy about IKEA as an organization, the first part of this research is about introduction of IKEA which explain all initial information and its process from Supplier to customers. Next part contain literature review that try to identify what is the different between operational and tactical planning, it also analysis and rational with IKEA. Middle part of this research contains SWOT and PESTEL analysis of IKEA with theatrical background and explains each and every factor which can effect in business operational and tactical planning. In last Author has concluded this research with conclusion about over important of strategy in business. Introduction: Business strategy itself shows that strategy needs for every business. To achieve object in certain time period, each and every organisation required strategy and to stay top on the table need better strategy then the other competitors (Houston, 2002) The reason to make strategy is to make business fit into its environment. So that every time you should change strategy according to environment (Houston, 2002) Business strategy is nothing but make a plan and take decisions, and using that plan and decision achieve greater profit and success in decided time (Kourdi, 2009) By making strategy organisation can know where resources like finance, people, effort, technology should be concentrated (Kourdi, 2009) Literature Review: Swot analysis: When an organisation is in hard market situation it needs measurement to find out current situation and find the right strategy to achieve object (Bohm, 2008) Where is the company right now? Whats the strength of the company through which company have an edge than others. To neutralize weakness of the company any organisation should know which the weaknesses are and how its damage the success ratio (Bohm, 2008) Its also important to know which possible threats and opportunities can be expected from around the world. Through SWOT analysis any organisation analyse companies strengths, weakness, possible threats and opportunities. Opportunities and threats investigates internal and external as well as positive and negative factor of a corporation (Bohm, 2008) Strengths -supplier -Production -Distribution Weaknesses -What are our weaknesses as well as should know competitors Opportunities -What opportunities are in front of us based on market size, consumers requirements and their chaining trends, gaps in our product line, service and distribution Threats -Internal threats -External threats -Based on our weakness and competitors Strengths, changes in technology. Figure1.1. Elements of the SWOT analysis: (Mello, 2002) PESTEL Analysis: Expansion and improvement in business totally depends on any organizations Pestel analysis. Pestel analysis is very useful tool to measure and examine the environmental influences of political, economic, sociological, technological, environmental and legislative (Craig, 2005) Political Environment Sociological Environment Economic Environment CORPORATION OR INDUSTRY Technological Environment Environmental Environment Legislative Environment The activities of competitors, suppliers, customers always leads organisation to force the change the strategy. Customers who change their requirements by the time, competitors who merge within the industries may require the organisation to improve the structure, culture or other internal feathers to stay and compete (Craig D. J., 2005) It is important to have business strategy to a number of stakeholders. Groups or individuals having an interest in the activities of an organisation, stakeholder groups are relatively simple for commercials organisation and more complex and countable for not-for-profits organisations (Strategy, 2005) Requirements to implement a new strategy: As requirements of consumers are always varies, for that reason every time it is important to implement a new strategy to sustain in market among the competitors (Houston, 2002) Implement a new strategy means change current strategy in all factor means technological, change in production line, improving in storage and distribution. Organisational Analysis: Ikea is very well-known private limited company, which offering well designed and functional home furnishing products at low price. So many people can afford to buy. Ikea the brand name is basically associated with founders name, Ingvar Kampard who is born in southern Sweden and raised on Elmtaryd a farm near the small village of Agunnaryd. Inter Ikea system B.V.1999 2010 The founders main goal is To create a better everyday life for the many people. In the early age of five founder starts to selling matches to his nearby neighbours and the age of seven he starts to sell matches in bulk at a low price but still make good money. After that he expands to selling flower seed, greeting cards, Christmas tree decorations and later pencils and ball-point pens. In 1943 Ingvar Kampard established his own business and in 1951 first Ikea catalogue is published. In 1953 first Ikea showroom is born and within short time of period more than 35 countries has more than 315 stores. Ikea mainly decide the price and according to price they design the product. Ikea offered a low price of any product because of customers contribution. Customers come in the stores and choose their products with an easy-to-read and clearly mentioned all needed information on the tag and collect and transport and assemble by themselves. That is the idea behind: You do your part. We do our pa rt. Together we save money. (Hartline, 2008) Inter Ikea system B.V.1999 2010 Ikea is also well known for its charity work, Ikea working together with UNICEF to save the children around the world. Ikea donate one euro for every soft toy sold in stores during a certain period each year. In India they providing medicines and essential requirement to children and trying to stop child labour. Inter Ikea system B.V.1999 2010 SWOT analysis for Ikea In this tuff economic condition and with the number of competitor around the world, any organisation must know their Strengths, Weakness, Opportunities and Threats. Ikea uses SWOT analysis to reach its objectives. Strengths and Weakness are internal factors of the business. They are controlled by within the business. Opportunities and Threats are external factors, which are outside the control of business. Marketing, product cost, finance, manufacturing, business structure and strategy are counted in internal factors. Likewise environment, economic condition, competitor, technology advances, social changes, culture, political law are consider as external factors (Hartline, 2008) Strengths: One of Ikea main strengths are they develop products with flat packing and easy assemble by consumer. So not require massive storage and transportation is very ease for supplier and consumer. Good quality with a wide range of choice at all times that makes customers always willing to buy. Ikeas business strategy is produce environmental friendly products means they using renewable and recyclable raw materials such wool, cotton, glass, metal and rattan. Inter Ikea system B.V. 1999 2010 A well planned design products which works very functionally and reduce the price and attract the customers (Hartline, 2008) Ikea create loyal suppliers by committing to buying in large volumes for long period. So that they can negotiate for low price for customers likewise security for suppliers of having guaranteed orders (Hartline, 2008) In Ikea all are same. Ikea treat everybody same way. So companys anti-bureaucracy weeks helps to create good corporate culture (Hartline, 2008) Ikea has own designer to design the product according to cost. So Ikea can keep price low as they want. Inter Ikea system B.V. 1999 2010 Some of their products are produced in some countries where labour cost is very low compare to other countries. Inter Ikea system B.V. 1999 2010 Weakness: Ikea should know their weaknesses to improve their services and expand the business around the world. The expansion of the business always creates difficulties to maintain the standard of quality and customer satisfaction. Its also difficult to keep environment healthy for a large organization. Ikea has the business in more than 35 countries. Supply products with same good quality are hard for them. Ikea must keep communication to suppliers and consumers to maintain the standard of business, for a large business is not easy. As a business of furniture and all household products made from the plastic, wood, glass, rubber, paper, chemicals, it is hard to maintain environmental standards. Ikea believe in low price and good quality. For that Ikea needs to differentiate how they can be chipper with a good quality than the competitor (Hartline, 2008) Do it your self-system: Ikea is believes in self-serve approach but some customers who earning more salary, may not like to go warehouse and picking out their furniture. Some customers may not have time to assemble their furniture once they get it home (Hartline, 2008) Opportunities: Ikea should use its strengths and brand name to take advantage coming opportunities in the world. Making environmental friendly products can be useful in price sensitive market. As the company states: There is a true business potential for IKEA in providing solutions that enable customers to live a more sustainable life at home. IKEA is developing effective solutions for customers in order to support them recycling or reusing used products, aiming at no products ending up at landfill and the recycled materials used in producing new IKEA products. (The Times 100) Ikea should produce more and more products from materials that can be recycled and should develop technology to reduce carbon footprints and use of water. Ikea should use more and more renewable energy so they can keep price low as much as they can and attracts the more consumers in current financial climates. By providing better customer services by their co-worker, by telecommunication or by media or taking opinion from peoples they can sustain in the market. Threats: By knowing the possible threats each and every organization can be prepare for better business strategy. Ikea should know the external and internal threats. Competitor: competitor consider as an external threats. Having with better business strategy like low price with better quality, better customer services, good communication with consumer and supplier (Hartline, 2008) Competitor can come with better technology edge. So to avoid this threat Ikea should be more adoptable (Hartline, 2008) Culture: Culture is also playing part as major threats. Ikea has a large business around the world where people with a different culture and different attitude. This culture can be changed by different methods like training programme, changing people or giving them satiable jobs, totally giving new structure or appearance (Pfeiffer, 1993) PESTEL analysis for Ikea Political: It is important to make number of observation regarding political changes in the world or country where you doing business because uncertainty of political environment could have massive impact on business (Britton, 2009). Changes in political environment also emanate from a countrys institutional arrangements (Britton, 2009). Ikea should analysis of political environment because each and every country has own rules. In some country political is very stable and providing good infrastructure for the business. Economic: Economical effects means any business organization concerned with imports or exports will be affected by many ways like taxation, interest rates, employment levels and Inflation, Economic condition of ones countries means spending ability of consumer force to change any organizations strategy and products services. In some countries you should concern about economic condition before starts the business. Business strategy should be fine according to countries economic condition so most of consumer can afford to buy your products (Craig, 2005) Ikea can achieve its vision to create a better everyday life for the many people by considering economic condition of countries. Sociological: Sociological effects means particularly any countrys demographic profile such as the increasing birth rate or decreasing death rate or unbalance in genders or increasing population can affect any business (Craig, 2005) To finds more flexible people just because of their geographical or social condition leads the shortage of skilled worker. This can pressurise organisation to move new location just to find out technological solution (Craig, 2005) Technological: Technological developments in recent years are significance. If you want to sustain in the market among the competitors you must have edge in technological improvement (Craig, 2005) Any organisation should be ready to adopt new technology. The business depends on how you marketing the product, which technology you are using for production and distribution and for storage (Craig, 2005) Environmental: Every country is very concern about their environmental condition. Change in climate for last couple of years just because of human activities has made aware everybody. To expand the business every organization should analysis of environment. (Britton, 2009) In every country requirement of products is always varies according to their environmental condition. Organisations required being in the leading position of making possible changes rather than coming from a catch-up position. Every organisation needs to respond to green issues are voiced by customers or community groups. (Robert Dransfield, 2004) Legislative: Legislation includes certain factors like employment law, taxation law, companys own law, health and safety law, patent law, industry regulations (Sinclair-Hunt, 2005). In business strategy you should concern legislation. Legislation is a part of business. Reducing union power was perceived as economically essential for freeing the labour market and hence rejuvenating the economy through the free play of market forces (Undy, 1996). Conclusion: As a worlds biggest retailers Ikea should counts numbers of thing to capture the maximum market among strong competitor. They should use more and renewable energy for their business to reduce the price of products and to reduce carbon foot-print. Ikea have good name around the world for their products with good price with good quality and to sustain the image they should know their internal and external threats and should try to come over. As a large business they should have good communication with suppliers and with consumers. By adopting latest technology they can be ahead of competitors. Using waste or damaged material they can produce product and can save environment.

George Washington :: essays research papers

The eldest of six children from his father's second marriage, George Washington was born into the landed gentry in 1732 at Wakefield Plantation, VA. Until reaching 16 years of age, he lived there and at other plantations along the Potomac and Rappahannock Rivers, including the one that later became known as Mount Vernon. His education was rudimentary, probably being obtained from tutors but possibly also from private schools, and he learned surveying. After he lost his father when he was 11 years old, his half-brother Lawrence, who had served in the Royal Navy, acted as his mentor. As a result, the youth acquired an interest in pursuing a naval career, but his mother discouraged him from doing so. At the age of 16, in 1748, Washington joined a surveying party sent out to the Shenandoah Valley by Lord Fairfax, a land baron. For the next few years, Washington conducted surveys in Virginia and present West Virginia and gained a lifetime interest in the West. In 1751-52 he also accompanied Lawrence on a visit he made to Barbados, West Indies, for health reasons just before his death. The next year, Washington began his military career when the royal governor appointed him to an adjutantship in the militia, as a major. That same year, as a gubernatorial emissary, accompanied by a guide, he traveled to Fort Le Boeuf, PA, in the Ohio River Valley, and delivered to French authorities an ultimatum to cease fortification and settlement in English territory. During the trip, he tried to better British relations with various Indian tribes. In 1754, winning the rank of lieutenant colonel and then colonel in the militia, Washington led a force that sought to challenge French control of the Ohio River Valley, but met defeat at Fort Necessity, PA - an event that helped trigger the French and Indian War (1754-63). Late in 1754, irked by the dilution of his rank because of the pending arrival of British regulars, he resigned his commission. That same year, he leased Mount Vernon, which he was to inherit in 1761. In 1755 Washington reentered military service with the courtesy title of colonel, as an aide to Gen. Edward Braddock, and barely escaped death when the French defeated the general's forces in the Battle of the Monongahela, PA. As a reward for his bravery, Washington rewon his colonelcy and command of the Virginia militia forces, charged with defending the colony's frontier.

How do the three poems To His Coy Mistress, The Sick Rose and Essay

How do the three poems To His Coy Mistress, The Sick Rose and Sonnet 138 convey the imperfect nature of love? Each of the three poems conveys the imperfect nature of love in one way or another. Personally I feel that love can never be perfect as there are always going to be arguments that arise in any relationship. I think that two people can love each other but it will never be perfect unless there is complete trust and understanding in all situations. Another reason is that there is no such thing as perfection so therefore everything can always be better. The three poems that I am comparing are ‘To His Coy Mistress’, Andrew Marvell (1621-78), ‘The Sick Rose’, William Blake (1757-1827) and ‘Sonnet 138’, William Shakespeare (1564-1616) None of the poems portray a romantic idea of love, but more the dark side of it. Each shows a different aspect of love. However they all show that love is not perfect. Although each poem deals with the imperfect nature of love, they each have their own diverse theme. ‘To His Coy Mistress’ is about sexual desire and basically the poet trying to get his mistress into bed. In this poem the man is trying to persuade and pressure the woman. We then have a poem that can also be interpreted as sexual. An example of the sexual implications of te poem is however this poem’s interpretation is more down to the reader and how they view it. Even with its many interpretations ‘The Sick Rose’ essentially gives a warning about the dangers that love can bring. The third poem has no similarities within the theme as the others do. ‘Sonnet 138’ deals with the imperfect nature of love through the form of lies within a relationship. We can see similarities between the themes of ‘To His Co... ...e similarities within the tones but William Shakespeare’s is completely different to both of them. This poem is more thoughtful and advising. It starts as thoughtful then begins to become questioning. At the end it then develops a tone of resignation. Overall in my opinion ‘The Sick Rose’ is the poem that depicts the imperfect nature of love best. This is because it is the most serious of the poems and it is the one that contains the most warnings. In the other two poems there is a feeling of happiness. Even in ‘To His Coy Mistress’ there is a sense of love in the relationship. ‘The Sick Rose’ however does not give any feelings of happiness but instead reveals a rather dark side of love that nobody would like to be part of. It shows more the pain involved in love. The poem shows that even although people feel love it may not necessarily make them happy. How do the three poems To His Coy Mistress, The Sick Rose and Essay How do the three poems To His Coy Mistress, The Sick Rose and Sonnet 138 convey the imperfect nature of love? Each of the three poems conveys the imperfect nature of love in one way or another. Personally I feel that love can never be perfect as there are always going to be arguments that arise in any relationship. I think that two people can love each other but it will never be perfect unless there is complete trust and understanding in all situations. Another reason is that there is no such thing as perfection so therefore everything can always be better. The three poems that I am comparing are ‘To His Coy Mistress’, Andrew Marvell (1621-78), ‘The Sick Rose’, William Blake (1757-1827) and ‘Sonnet 138’, William Shakespeare (1564-1616) None of the poems portray a romantic idea of love, but more the dark side of it. Each shows a different aspect of love. However they all show that love is not perfect. Although each poem deals with the imperfect nature of love, they each have their own diverse theme. ‘To His Coy Mistress’ is about sexual desire and basically the poet trying to get his mistress into bed. In this poem the man is trying to persuade and pressure the woman. We then have a poem that can also be interpreted as sexual. An example of the sexual implications of te poem is however this poem’s interpretation is more down to the reader and how they view it. Even with its many interpretations ‘The Sick Rose’ essentially gives a warning about the dangers that love can bring. The third poem has no similarities within the theme as the others do. ‘Sonnet 138’ deals with the imperfect nature of love through the form of lies within a relationship. We can see similarities between the themes of ‘To His Co... ...e similarities within the tones but William Shakespeare’s is completely different to both of them. This poem is more thoughtful and advising. It starts as thoughtful then begins to become questioning. At the end it then develops a tone of resignation. Overall in my opinion ‘The Sick Rose’ is the poem that depicts the imperfect nature of love best. This is because it is the most serious of the poems and it is the one that contains the most warnings. In the other two poems there is a feeling of happiness. Even in ‘To His Coy Mistress’ there is a sense of love in the relationship. ‘The Sick Rose’ however does not give any feelings of happiness but instead reveals a rather dark side of love that nobody would like to be part of. It shows more the pain involved in love. The poem shows that even although people feel love it may not necessarily make them happy.

Seat Belts Argumentative Essay

A seat belt is a restraining device installed in a vehicle to prevent or minimize the force of an injury during a crash (â€Å"Seat Belts† 5). Although it is also known as a safety belt, the â€Å"safety† part is the key issue that is causing much controversy around drivers, manufacturers, and researchers alike. The main idea around the debate is the fact that although research indicates that when seat belts are used properly they save lives, opponents argue that mandating their use can actually cause more harm than good in some cases and is an infringement on personal rights.Car accidents are the leading cause of death for people under 35. Due to the fact that at least 40,000 people die each year in car accidents, the law that mandates seatbelts on all drivers/passengers in vehicles should stay in place. Although Seat Belts have been shown to provide safety to drivers and passengers who use them, not everyone is a fan of the mandatory seat belt laws. Opponents who are against the idea of mandatory seat belt laws say that they might be safer without seat belts and that airbags will protect them.Many people argue that they may be safer without seat belts. According to the article â€Å"Seat Belts† â€Å"In high-speed collisions where crash forces are extreme, seat belts have been linked to life-threatening conditions, including cardiac arrests and injuries to the chest, abdomen, or neck† (5). They put forward this idea because they feel that seat belts are causing more harm than good. However, airbags were never made to take the place of a seatbelt, and when worn with a seatbelt, they increase the effectiveness of it by 40%.Airbags also don’t protect from side-impacts at all so they aren’t safer than seatbelts. Another argument opponents against seatbelts have is that mandatory seatbelt laws are a violation of freedom. They claim that they should have a choice whether or not they should wear a seatbelt when in a vehicle. However, this is not an infringement on freedom. Freedom stops when we get to a point where others may be harmed or killed. As soon as something puts lives in danger, the â€Å"right† of freedom disappears thus making mandatory seatbelt laws a non-infringement on freedom.â€Å"Seat belts are the single most effective traffic safety device for preventing death and injury in a vehicle† (â€Å"Seat Belt Safety, Seat Belt Laws†). Wearing a seat belt can reduce the risk of crash injuries by 50%. Seat belts save lives and are effective in preventing ejections from a vehicle. While opponents argue that in certain cases it is better to not wear a seatbelt, wearing a seatbelt is usually the safer route. A person will never know what type of accident they might enter and thus can’t prepare for a certain type of accident.You can’t know whether or not having a seatbelt will save you. It’s better to wear a seatbelt and have a 50% of survival than not we aring a seatbelt and have a 3% chance of being in a situational accident where not having a seat belt will save you. Research shows that â€Å"Seat Belts saved more than 75,000 lives from 2004 to 2008† (â€Å"Seat Belt Safety, Seat Belt Laws†). Without the mandatory use of seat belts, many lives could be put in danger and this would have negative social and economic effects on society.49 States in the USA have issued mandatory seat belt laws to promote safe habits and to protect the people. With this law in place, many lives have been saved as people were forced to wear seat belts to properly protect them in crashes. In a crash, there are two types of collisions. These are called, Primary and Secondary collisions. â€Å"A Primary Collision is the impact between the vehicle and another vehicle or object. A Secondary Collision refers to the impact of an occupant with some part of the vehicle’s interior, such as the steering wheel, the roof, or the windshield† (â€Å"Seat Belts† 2).Seat Belts are designed to tighten at the appropriate moment, so that they either prevent the second collision or at least minimize the injury potential of the even. Without the mandatory seat belt laws, many people will die in crashes in which simple use of a seat belt could have saved them. Seat Belts are optimal to Vehicle Safety and should be required to be used in every vehicle. Even if you are a very good driver or have never been in an accident, you can never predict what will happen when you’re on the road. Seat Belts can help save the lives of both you and others around you.With Seat Belts Laws in place, vehicle travel will be a much safer place. Safety is a concern not just with seat belts, but also with many things in life. When driving, safety should be above all and many safety technologies such as airbags, anti-lock brakes, and traction control are in place to protect the people. Seat Belts are the main force that is saving many l ives of drivers young and old. Although seat belts provide a good level of safety, the debate over the relative safety of such devices, as well as the rights to passengers to choose whether or not they want to use these devices, is sure to continue.

Culture and packaging Essay

Packaging is considered to be an integral part of the product and is the first point of contact with the brand for a consumer product. So, most of the companies that do business internationally redesign their packages for each market. The principle reason is that expectations and utilizations of consumers vary across cultures. The world’s two leading industrial powers, U. S. and Japan have almost opposite approaches to packaging. Packaging is recognized as an expression of culture in Japan and designed to be appreciated, whereas in America cultural aspect is largely ignored and packaging is calculated to be accepted. Foods that only Japanese eat have beautiful, traditionally designed wrappings that resemble handmade paper or leaves and accommodate scan able bar codes. Such products look Japanese and are intended to do so. Products that are foreign, such as coffee, look foreign even to the point of having only Roman lettering on the can. We speak of global villages and international markets, but packages reveal some unexpected cultural boundaries. Few examples of such cultural implication of packaging are- Canadians prefer to drink milk out of flexible plastic pouches that fit into reusable plastic holders while Americans are believed to be so resistant to the idea that they have not been given the opportunity to do so, Japanese consumers prefer packages that contain two tennis balls and view the standard U. S. package of three as cheap and undesirable, Germans insist on highly detailed technical specifications on packages of videotapes, while Americans don’t, Swedes consider blue Colour of packaging as masculine whereas Dutch consider it to be feminine and so on. (Eric, J. A. et al. , 2004, p. 298) Culture & Packaging Colour Schmitt and Simpson (1997) states, Colour is one of the many marketing tools that global managers use to create, maintain, and modify brand images in customers’ minds while Schmitt and Pan (1994) discovers, Colour is also an important component of many corporate and brand-building cues, such as logos, packages, and displays. It is a commonality reflecting in the views of both the authors that- Colour is one of the major element which affects consumer perception regarding a brand. The research results show cross-cultural patterns of both similarity and dissimilarity in Colour preferences and Colour meaning associations. Colour used in packaging is equally important in determining a product’s desirability. â€Å"James Mandle, a Colour consultant, changed the Colour of Ty-D-Bol’s toilet bowl cleanser bottle from light and green to stark white letters on a dark background. He believed that the original Colours were â€Å"too wimpy† and that the new, bolder Colours would connote strength and cleanliness. In an 18 month period following the change of Colour, sales of Ty-D-Bol jumped 40% (Lane 1991). † (Thomas, J. M. et al. , 2000, p. 91) Packaging is not about Colour only there are various other factors involved in it. Factors like design shape of the package, text on the package and other factors of the packaging. But it is true that Colour is the most important attribute in terms of attracting the attention of the consumer. Packaging is not only made up of a single Colour but combination of Colours to create a brand image. So preferences in regard to combination of Colours also vary across cultures. Few examples of such combinations are of pairing Colours with green and red. The Colour best paired with green is yellow in Canada, Hong Kong, China, and Taiwan, blue in Columbia, and white in Austria. Only the Chinese and Taiwanese pair green with red as red is a potent Colour in China. In Brazil and the US people pair red with black, whereas in Canada, and China, the preferred combination with red is yellow. ( Mooij and Marieke K. de, 2004) Culture & Packaging Information Packaging not only protects and contains a product but also provide the consumer with loads of information about the product such as its composition, correct use etc. For instance, packaging of foodstuffs and pharmaceuticals provides information regarding the name of the product, manufacturer, country of origin, â€Å"best before† date and expiry date, ingredients and additives or composition of drug along with quantity and price. Since packaging is subject to country-specific legislation so ear of legal action has made many companies in the US and the UK includes all sorts of warnings on label instructions on consumer goods. On bar of Dial soap: â€Å"Directions: Use like regular soap. † On a Sears hairdryer: â€Å"Do not use while sleeping. † On packaging for a Rowenta iron: â€Å"Do not iron clothes on body. † On Nytol sleep aid: â€Å"Warning: May cause drowsiness. † On a child’s Superman costume: â€Å"Wearing of this garment does not enable you to fly. † On Sainsbury’s peanuts: â€Å"Warning: contains nuts. † On Marks & Spencer bread pudding: â€Å"Product will be hot after heating. † On Boot’s child’s cough medicine:† Do not drive a car or operate machinery after taking this medication. † ( Mooij and Marieke K. de, 2004, p. 265) In the present scenario various countries have included packaging waste into hazardous matter to contribute in pollution. This led the government to adopt some policies to restrict the use of non recyclable products as a packaging material where it is not required. These have also posed challenge among business organizations to try and find out recyclable materials and present themselves as a responsible corporate citizen among the stakeholders. This is also one aspect of culture which leads to this kind of environmental concern approach. Culture & Packaging Images/Pictures Imagery is an important element of packaging, as it enhances the accessibility of packaging information. As said by Bolen (1984), visual information in advertisements generally attracted more attention and was noticed before verbal advertising content. While Alesandrini (1982) declared, visual information may serve to attract consumer’s attention and set expectations for the contents of the verbal elements; the visual information thus serving as an â€Å"advance organizer† for the verbal elements of packaging. (Underwood et al. , 2001) Different culture recognizes various symbols differently with different meanings altogether. Picture that is very meaningful for people in one culture as it expresses important values of that culture can be completely meaningless to the people of the other culture. For instance, a box of pineapple cookies sold in Singapore has an image of a lion, as in Singapore lion is considered to be a symbol of royalty. Hence, if the similar box of cookies is launched in UK it won’t be given equivalent importance as in Singapore due to the differences lying in culture. Culture & Packaging Communication Customer or prospect judges the products on the basis of its name as well. Language used on the product package including its brand or product name creates impression among consumers. Consumer interprets the information selectively on the basis of his culture and his own personal factors. Different aspects of marketing communications like corporate identity, brand name, package design, and advertising styles impacts consumer in certain ways. Marketing communications styles are interrelated with personal communication styles. Chinese-speaking consumers tend to judge a brand name based on its visual appeal whereas English speakers judge brand name based on whether the name sounds appealing. In Asia, visual symbolism is a key aspect of a firm’s corporate identity. A comparative study of package design across seven countries found that packages differ both in three-dimensional design and in the way they communicate through graphical design and vary in the use of textual information; use of Colour, shape, and symbolism; and degree of structure and detail in the package design. All the above differences are highly influenced by culture. Even the product category is influenced by the packaging design, for example Deodorant is communicated differently from cigarettes, and that is reflected in its design of the packaging. ( Mooij and Marieke K. de, 2004, p. 213) Why it is important to understand culture & differences in cultures? It is always very important for a marketer to understand the culture of his target market place. Many good products have failed in the market only due to ignorance of socio- cultural aspects. There are underlying components that influence culture such as religion, family, customs, politics, weather, etc, which must be taken into account when marketing products on an international basis. Consequently, it is important for marketers to be aware of the 25% of cultural differences in the world market to promote their product properly. Therefore, it is of great importance to understand similarities and differences in culture which also affects the consumer purchasing behaviours across the cultures. (Weber, J. M. et al. , 2002, p. 396) Tastes and preferences of consumers vary in different part of world. In the European continent itself consumer preferences and taste varies so much that retailers Marks & Spencer had to made different advertising campaigns for each country. Initially Marks & Spencer has a single uniform advertising for the whole of Europe in 2001. Later it recognized its weakness and immediately changed the advertising campaign according to the taste and preference of different parts of European continent at the end of 2001. Toyota’s model ‘Camry† was a huge success in US which it tried to launch in UK market in 2000. It was a huge failure due to difference in the lifestyle and cultural set up of these two countries. Toyota re-launched it later with changes in the model according to the European culture and it was a huge success. Companies have to estimate the strength of their products along with the market they are trying to trap irrespective of their own brand name and value. One of the mistakes by the snacks giant Kellogg’s is Indian market was with its breakfast cereals. Within Indian culture people tend to eat heavy breakfast in the morning. In such market breakfast cereals as a healthier alternative to the heavy Indian breakfast was unattractive offer to the Indians. Later on company improved its communication strategies and compared it with traditional chapattis (Indian breads). Even in that case Kellogg’s could sell to a Westernized niche market only. So it is quite clear from the above examples that thorough understanding of the culture as well as its differences across cultures is very important to survive in today’s competitive environment. There are some other companies which have done very well in understanding various markets on socio-cultural dimensions like Disney, Pizza hut, dominos, Mc-Donald’s and others. Success pf these brands was result of their conscious effort to keep the significance of culture in their minds. These companies went local irrespective of their global operations for each and every market for them. One such example is Mc-Donald’s. The reasons behind success of Mc-Donald’s in foreign markets apart from a strong brand image and consistent service a standard around the world is, its advertising which is local and its product offer has a local touch. Examples are the Kiwi burger in New Zealand; the Maharaja Mac in India; the Prosperity burger in Malaysia; the Teriyaki burger in Japan; the McKorket in the Netherlands; McLaks, a grilled salmon burger, in Norway; and the Croque McDo in France that refers to the popular French â€Å"Croque Monseiur†, a hot ham and cheese sandwich. Advertising by McDonald’s in France tied into local habits and symbols. In 2001, for example, advertising for McDonald in France tied into â€Å"Asterix and Obelisk,† the most famous historical cartoon of the nation. Hence, localization makes it increasingly important for marketing and advertising people to understand the influence of culture. ( Mooij and Marieke K. de, 2004, p. 18) Importance of Colours can not be ignored in the case of international markets. Colours are associated with different cultural beliefs, moods and meanings. Understanding of these aspects of Colour, culture and society helps the organization to develop appropriate strategy. As said by (Kirmani 1997: Schmitt and Pan 1994), one marketing cue that global managers can use regardless of location is Colour. The effects of culture on the meaning associated with Colours are very critical for international marketing purposes. â€Å"Wagner, the creator of the Wagner Colour Research Institute, contends that Colours are associated with certain images (Lane 1991). For example, Blue is associated with wealth, trust, and security: Gray is associated with strength, exclusively, and success: and orange denotes cheapness. These associations may explain why banks are more likely to Colour their logos and collateral using Blue or Gray rather than orange ( Seitel 1993). It is cultural background due to which Colour has a strong effect on choice of a customer. It is important to understand which Colours are preferred by people in different cultures. It will help to create, maintain, or modify brand images in consumers’ minds. The associated with Colours and combination of Colours are important to understand for any marketer. â€Å"Colour combinations are considered culturally bound with certain ideologies and traditions (Geboy 1996). For example, black on red signifies happiness to Chinese people and is commonly used for wedding invitations while a combination of red over white represents celebration and signifies the life force to the Japanese ( Tektronix 1998). (Thomas, J. M. et al. , 2000) After Colour it is cultural beliefs which have impact on the consumer minds. It is important to understand the beliefs related to target product category within the target market place. For instance in India people feel that ancient herbal methods are good choices over the cosmetic options available today. This led various cosmetics company in India to launch their promotional programs comparing their product with traditional methods or showing the products equivalent to the traditional benefits. In these leading brands like Lux, Fair & Lovely and many others are present. Success of a fair and lovely brand due to the fact that Indians believe fairness is beautiful. Vicco turmeric cream is another example which positioned itself as a cream that would be useful for would-be brides to enhance their complexions, as applying turmeric for skin care is a part of the Indian tradition. These types of behaviour which are associated with a specific culture or belief can also be associated with different product categories such as, for instance, the bindi worn in most parts of India. It is important that the brand name selected for such a product category should have an ethnic-sounding name whereas a Western name is prone to be counter-productive. (S Ramesh Kumar, 2003) Another product category is food where the role of mother and grand mother is considered important. This is the reason all spices, traditional quick meals and cooking oil etc contain some or more of the mother’s recipe kind of concept. Not only that change in the societal socio-cultural structure can also be seen as some of the advertisement in India show modern man helping their women in their work as well like washing clothes or taking care of child. There is a strong need to understand and consider the culture which constitutes of the values, beliefs and habits of consumers which show a discrepancy across the nations. The other aspect of the changing cultural environment and upcoming trends are also important to understand.